Special Tax Treatment for a Major Infrastructure Project
Introduction In April 2013, the Commission received a complaint alleging that State aid had been […]
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Public Procurement and State Aid
Introduction A faulty public procurement procedure or the use of discriminatory selection criteria can confer […]
State Aid May Have an Incentive Effect Even After the Start of Work: But Would it Favour Inefficient Operators?
Introduction Perhaps the most important aspect of the compatibility of State aid with the internal […]
State Resources Include all the Resources that Can be Directed by the State for its own Purposes
Introduction On 12 January 2023, the Court of Justice delivered its judgment in joined cases […]
The Standard of Proof in State Aid Complaints and the “Informational Disadvantage” of Complainants
The Commission must use its investigative powers to seek clarification from Member States in order […]
When Does an Amendment of an Existing Aid Make it a New Aid?
Existing aid becomes new aid if any amendment affects the assessment of its compatibility with […]
Existing Aid, New Aid and Retroactive Application of a Block Exemption Regulation
Changes to approved aid measures result in new aid. Only purely formal or administrative changes […]
The Non-economic Nature of Certain IT Services for Higher Education
Publicly funded educational services are not economic in nature. Activities intrinsically linked to public tasks […]
Existing v New Aid and Role of National Courts
Modification of an existing aid measure turns it into a new aid measure if it […]
1) Selectivity of Health Tests 2) Existing v New Aid in Preferential Electricity Tariffs
A measure can be selective even if it applies to a whole sector. An existing […]