Tax Exemption of General Application
Introduction In November 2014, the General Court in case T-219/10, Autogrill v Commission, held that […]
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Subsidies to Incentivise Closure of Excess Capacity Are State Aid
Introduction Very often Member States claim that subsidies they grant as compensation for the costs […]
Lease of Public Land
Introduction Public land is a public asset that must be priced correctly when rented out […]
Compensation for Non-payment of State Aid Can Constitute State Aid
Introduction A perennial question by aggrieved investors who feel cheated by u-turns in public policy […]
i) Compensation Can Be State Aid ii) Failure to Act
Introduction This article reviews two judgments concerning a claim that compensation does not constitute State […]
Although Member States Are Free to Determine their Tax Systems, they Must still Conform with State Aid Rules
Introduction On 10 September 2024, the Court of Justice [CJEU] delivered its much anticipated judgment, […]
A State-Owned Company Acts as a Private Investor – Part II
Part II: Advantage The Commission, first, explained that the “(80) intervention must be considered as […]
A State-Owned Company Acts as a Private Investor
Introduction When a party to a financial transaction is a company that is owned and […]
The Existence of State Aid Must Be Proven on the Basis of Credible Evidence
Introduction This article reviews two cases in which courts found that it had not been […]
Green Energy Certificates
Introduction Certificates that confirm that an undertaking has bought a certain amount of electricity from […]