The Limits of the Competence of National Courts to Review the Implementation of Approved Aid Schemes
Introduction National courts have competence to determine the existence of State aid and whether State […]
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The Date State Aid Is Granted
Introduction The date on which State aid is deemed to have been granted is a […]
Who is “Interested Party” that Can Challenge a Commission Decision and when Must the Commission Open the Formal Investigation Procedure
Introduction On 5 September 2024, the Court of Justice of the EU [CJEU] delivered two […]
National Court May Order Recovery of Illegal Aid that Is Considered Existing Aid
Introduction The European Commission is required by Regulation 2015/1589 to order recover of State aid […]
Selectivity
Introduction On 14 December 2023, the Court of Justice, in its judgment in joined cases […]
Regulatory Measures Are not State aid & Trade Unions Are not “Interested Party”
Introduction This article reviews two recent judgments dealing with the concept of state resources and […]
Compensation for Damage
Introduction On 9 November 2022, the General Court followed its previous judgments in cases concerning […]
Public Authorities Acting as Private Investors
It is a well-established principle in the case law that when a public authority acts […]
The Standard of Proof in State Aid Complaints and the “Informational Disadvantage” of Complainants
The Commission must use its investigative powers to seek clarification from Member States in order […]
Member States Must Recover of their Own Initiative Illegally Granted Aid
Aid granted illegal must be recovered by the granting authority without any need for a […]