State Aid Measures May Not Infringe Non-State Aid Law
Introduction It is now well established that the Commission may not authorise a state aid […]
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Auctions of State Aid for Renewable Hydrogen
Introduction Spain notified to the Commission an aid scheme for the promotion of production of […]
Research and Economic Activities
Introduction The Netherlands notified an unusual measure to the Commission. The measure concerned the construction […]
Injection of State Capital that Is Free of State Aid
Introduction Directive 2014/59 on the recovery and resolution of financial institutions and Regulation 806/2014 on […]
The Limits of the Competence of National Courts to Review the Implementation of Approved Aid Schemes
Introduction National courts have competence to determine the existence of State aid and whether State […]
State-Aid Free Investment: Pari Passu or Benchmarked against Market Return
Introduction The Finnish state owned 100% of four different companies which operated risk capital and […]
The Date State Aid Is Granted
Introduction The date on which State aid is deemed to have been granted is a […]
Linked Enterprises through Relationships between Natural Persons
Introduction A perennial issue facing aid-granting authorities is whether the aid applicants are SMEs. A […]
Selectivity and the Reference System
Introduction A public measure must be selective and satisfy the other criteria of Article 107(1) […]
How to Measure the Damage Caused by an Exceptional Occurrence
On 25 June 2025, the General Court, in case T‑366/22, Ryanair v Commission, dismissed the action brought […]