The Gross-Grant Equivalent of State Aid in Public Guarantees
The amount of state aid embedded in a public guarantee is the difference between the […]
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Who Can Challenge a Commission Decision Authorising State Aid
Being a competitor of the aid recipient is not enough. The competitor must show that […]
The 2025 Edition of the State Aid Scoreboard
• In 2024, the total non-crisis state aid granted by Member States reached EUR 152 […]
Start of Works
Introduction Before any state aid granted, the granting authority must establish at a bare minimum […]
No Imputability to the State of Investment by a State Enterprise
Introduction The past three articles have dealt with cases where the Commission or an EU court […]
Services Inextricably Linked to the Functions of the State
Introduction There are many cases where recipients of public subsidies perform non-economic activities and, therefore, […]
Compensation to the Operator of a Canal Lock that Provides Free Services May Constitute State Aid
Introduction State aid rules are often perceived as straightjacket on Member State policies. Yet, the […]
Arbitration Decision that is Free of State Aid
Introduction Some cases seem to run forever. In 1960, Dimosia Epicheirisi Ilektrismou [DEI], the then […]
Judicial Challenges to Recovery of Incompatible State Aid do not Prove that Recovery is Absolutely Impossible
Introduction Member States can, in theory, escape from the obligation to recover state aid that […]
State Aid to Support an Intermodal Terminal whose Development Had Already Started
Introduction State aid that is granted after the start of works lacks incentive effect and […]