Taxation of Multinational Companies: The Apple Case – A Political Setback for the Commission, but a Victory on Principle
Defects, incompleteness and inconsistencies in tax rulings are not sufficient to prove the existence of […]
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2019 Competition Report
The Annual Competition Report is a useful document, but it should provide more information on […]
Third Amendment to the Temporary Framework & Prolongation of the GBER, De Minimis Regulation and Guidelines
Micro and small enterprises in difficulty are no longer excluded from the Temporary Framework. Undertakings […]
Health Insurance Based on Social Solidarity Is Non-economic
I am grateful to Peter Staviczky for comments on an earlier version of this article. […]
The Commission’s White Paper on Foreign Subsidies: A Real Problem that Needs Sharper Tools
The European Commission proposes new instruments to counter unfair foreign subsidies and acquisition of European […]
Direct v Indirect Advantages: The Case of Sardinian Airports
Public funding that flows through intermediaries to third parties also counts as a state resource […]
Private Investor and Preferential Regulatory Treatment
The existence of an advantage has to be proven, not presumed just because its absence […]
i) Investor-State Arbitration ii) Recovery of Incompatible State Aid iii) State Aid Scoreboard 2019
Member States abolish bilateral investment treaties between themselves. When the Commission orders recovery of incompatible […]
State Aid for i) Water Development ii) Travel
Aid to individuals in the context of social policy is compatible with the internal market […]
No New Aid to Undertakings that Have not Yet Repaid Incompatible Aid
There is no rule in EU law obliging Member States to grant State aid. The […]