When Do Public Pronouncements Confer an Advantage to Undertakings?
Public pronouncements can confer an advantage if they are sufficiently precise and clearly commit a […]
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The Challenge of Calculating a Market Price
The market price of land or buildings can be determined via auction, expert valuation or […]
Why Do some Member States Offer so much Fiscal Aid?
Member States differ significantly in their propensity to grant fiscal aid. Introduction Interest in […]
Ex post Evaluation of State Aid Measures
Ex post evaluation is not just a “pillar” of State Aid Modernisation. It is also […]
The Use and Abuse of De Minimis Aid & State Resources
Individual awards of de minimis aid must remain below the relevant threshold as well as […]
The Market Economy Investor Principle Applies also to Avoidance of Losses
A public authority can act as a private investor in paying to avoid costly contractual […]
Application of the MEIP to Transactions between Parent and Subsidiary Companies
The Market Economy Investor Principle also applies to transactions between related companies. A private investor […]
Using Loans to Grant De Minimis Aid and GBER Compatible Aid
De minimis aid underpins “off-the-shelf” financial instruments which leverage private investment and at the same […]
Privatisation by Splitting the Assets
The sale of a public undertaking [privatisation] needs to be preceded by independent valuation and […]
Levying of Charges to Maintain Equal Treatment Is Not Necessarily Selective
The standard of proof of whether a measure is selective depends on whether that measure […]