No Imputability to the State of Investment by a State Enterprise
Introduction The past three articles have dealt with cases where the Commission or an EU court […]
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Services Inextricably Linked to the Functions of the State
Introduction There are many cases where recipients of public subsidies perform non-economic activities and, therefore, […]
Coverage of Losses of a State-Owned Company
Introduction Eu law does not prohibit states from owning or investing in companies [see Article […]
A State-Owned Company Acts as a Private Investor – Part II
Part II: Advantage The Commission, first, explained that the “(80) intervention must be considered as […]
A State-Owned Company Acts as a Private Investor
Introduction When a party to a financial transaction is a company that is owned and […]
State Resources, Control and Imputability
Introduction A public measure can be classified as State aid only when it is funded […]
When Are Decisions of State-owned Companies Imputed to the State?
Introduction According to Article 4 of Regulation 2015/1589 [the Procedural Regulation], when the Commission, after […]
Injection of Capital in a Postal Operator
The resources of a public undertaking necessarily count as “state resources”, regardless of the degree […]
Can the Decision of a Private Entity be Imputed to the State?
A measure is imputable to the state whenever the state is involved in its adoption […]
Training and State Resources
The definition of quality indicators and the establishment of certificates of quality do not amount […]