When Are Decisions of State-owned Companies Imputed to the State?
Introduction According to Article 4 of Regulation 2015/1589 [the Procedural Regulation], when the Commission, after […]
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Injection of Capital in a Postal Operator
The resources of a public undertaking necessarily count as “state resources”, regardless of the degree […]
Can the Decision of a Private Entity be Imputed to the State?
A measure is imputable to the state whenever the state is involved in its adoption […]
Training and State Resources
The definition of quality indicators and the establishment of certificates of quality do not amount […]
2019 Competition Report
The Annual Competition Report is a useful document, but it should provide more information on […]
Public Funding of Infrastructure without State Aid
The existence of State aid must be checked at the level of both the direct […]
State Resources and Imputability
When the state acts in its capacity as legislator it is not presumed to direct […]
Imputability to the State
State resources and imputability or attribution to the state are two distinct concepts. They must […]