Research Organisations, their Primary Objectives and their Shareholders
A research organisation is not required to reinvest any revenue it may generate into its […]
Archiv
Support for Research & Innovation in the Context of the Temporary Framework
Introduction The Temporary Framework [TF] that was introduced in March 2020 expired on 30 June […]
State Guarantees without State Aid
Introduction State guarantees may constitute State aid if they are not priced at market rates. […]
The Concept of “Undertaking in Difficulty” and Evidential Requirements
The “subscribed share capital” of a company includes the capital that is already paid and […]
The Concept of SME, Indirect Control by Public Bodies and New Problems for Public Universities and Research Organisations
I am grateful to Peter Staviczky for comments on an earlier draft. A company that […]
i) Investor-State Arbitration ii) Recovery of Incompatible State Aid iii) State Aid Scoreboard 2019
Member States abolish bilateral investment treaties between themselves. When the Commission orders recovery of incompatible […]
Compliance with Regulation 651/2014: The Consequences of Failure to Publish an Aid Measure*
Member States must publish the aid measures they adopt on the basis of the GBER. […]
Local Infrastructure
Public funding of local infrastructure is not State aid when the responsibility for the infrastructure […]