The Regulation v Exploitation of a State Asset
Introduction State assets which are put at the disposal of undertakings must be made available […]
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Does the State not Control the Resources whose Use Is Defined by Law?
Introduction Germany has been very creative in devising measures of support of renewable sources of […]
Revenue from a Compulsory Charge Is a State Resource
Introduction On 26 September 2024, the Court of Justice [CJEU] delivered four judgments in four […]
A State-Owned Company Acts as a Private Investor – Part II
Part II: Advantage The Commission, first, explained that the “(80) intervention must be considered as […]
A State-Owned Company Acts as a Private Investor
Introduction When a party to a financial transaction is a company that is owned and […]
The Existence of State Aid Must Be Proven on the Basis of Credible Evidence
Introduction This article reviews two cases in which courts found that it had not been […]
Green Energy Certificates
Introduction Certificates that confirm that an undertaking has bought a certain amount of electricity from […]
State Resources, Control and Imputability
Introduction A public measure can be classified as State aid only when it is funded […]
Regulatory Measures Are not State aid & Trade Unions Are not “Interested Party”
Introduction This article reviews two recent judgments dealing with the concept of state resources and […]
State Resources Include all the Resources that Can be Directed by the State for its own Purposes
Introduction On 12 January 2023, the Court of Justice delivered its judgment in joined cases […]