The Existence of State Aid Must Be Proven on the Basis of Credible Evidence
Introduction This article reviews two cases in which courts found that it had not been […]
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Green Energy Certificates
Introduction Certificates that confirm that an undertaking has bought a certain amount of electricity from […]
State Resources, Control and Imputability
Introduction A public measure can be classified as State aid only when it is funded […]
Regulatory Measures Are not State aid & Trade Unions Are not “Interested Party”
Introduction This article reviews two recent judgments dealing with the concept of state resources and […]
State Resources Include all the Resources that Can be Directed by the State for its own Purposes
Introduction On 12 January 2023, the Court of Justice delivered its judgment in joined cases […]
Special Economic Zones
Member States must check that the State aid claimed by undertakings established in special economic […]
The Date on which State Aid is Deemed to be Granted Is not necessarily the Date on which the Actual Benefit Materialises
State aid is deemed to be granted even if the benefit cannot be quantified in […]
Injection of Capital in a Postal Operator
The resources of a public undertaking necessarily count as “state resources”, regardless of the degree […]
A First Commission Decision on Natural Gas Storage
Compensation that guarantees a normal or fair rate of return eliminates risk that is inherent […]
Intra-State Transfers and the Discretion of Public Authorities
Resources transferred from one public authority to another for the purpose of being used to […]