EStAL – European State Aid Law Quarterly

EStAL 3/2026 Out Now

Issue 3 of EStAL 2026 is now available online!

Read the Editorial by Leigh Hancher.

Articles:

The Concepts of Economic Activity and Undertaking Applied to the Construction and Operation of Infrastructure by Phedon Nicolaides

Public Support for Ukraine’s Energy Transition by Oksana Zolotarova, Laurens Vandercruysse and Caroline Buts

The ‘Indissoluble Link’ Notion in State Aid: Navigating the Penumbra of Uncertainty by Ilias Georgiopoulos

Interested Parties in EU State Aid Law: Lost in the Process by Francesca Cagossi

Keeping Watch on the Walls When the Enemy Is Already Inside: Difficulties of EU State Aid Law in Mitigating Negative Effects of Increased Interventionism Among Member States by Jakub Kociubiński

The German Pioneer Scheme for Peatland Rewetting: An Example for Europe? by Simone Lünenbürger and Bartosz Frydel

Levelling the Playing Field or Harming Competitiveness? Assessing the Impact of EU State Aid Policy on Belgian Ports’ Strategic Position by Mychal Langenus, Indra Vonck, Sophearith Pan and Laurent Fedi

Annotations:

Case C-58/25 Fremoluc II · Annotation by Andrés Borja Alcaraz Riaño; Annotation on the Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 26 March 2026 in Case C-58/25, Fremoluc NV and Association de Promotion des Droits Humains et des Minorités ASBL v Vlaamse Regering by Andrés Borja Alcaraz Riaño

Case C-401/24 Staten genom Sjöfartsverket v Stockholms Hamn · Annotation by Stig Eidissen;  Annotation on the Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 20 November 2025 in Case C-401/24, Staten genom Sjöfartsverket v Stockholms Hamn by Stig Eidissen

Country Reports:

Belgium by Wout De Cock

EEA and EFTA States by Marianne Clayton and Maria Segura

Finland by Ilkka Aalto-Setälä

Italy by Sara Gobbato

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