Existing v New Aid and Role of National Courts
Modification of an existing aid measure turns it into a new aid measure if it […]
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Hungarian Advertisement Tax, Polish Retail Tax and Estonia Package Tax
Progressive taxes can constitute State aid. Exemption from a packaging tax of packaged goods which […]
Pensions, Public Statements and Private Investors
The normal costs of an undertaking include all the costs of compliance with the obligations […]
Media Plurality in Denmark
State aid measures need not be open to all undertakings. Introduction On 11 October […]
No Affectation of Trade
Public subsidies that do not affect cross-border trade either directly or indirectly do not constitute […]
Private Investor v Private Creditor
When the state, acting as a private investor, seeks to recover past public investments, it […]
1) Selectivity of Health Tests 2) Existing v New Aid in Preferential Electricity Tariffs
A measure can be selective even if it applies to a whole sector. An existing […]
Turnover Taxes Can be Incompatible with the Internal Market
Progressive taxes levied on turnover can provide State aid that is incompatible with the internal […]
Belgium’s Alternative Tax Regime for the Diamond Sector
Alternative tax regimes do not provide State aid as long as they raise the amount […]
Compliance with State Aid Rules in Cohesion Policy: A Special Report of the European Court of Auditors
Control of State aid by national authorities needs to be strengthened. Typical mistake is to […]