PART I: Regional Development and i) Market Economy Operator Test, ii) Services of General Economic Interest
A market economy operator undertakes activities whose incremental revenue exceeds their incremental costs. A market […]
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Calculation of State Aid in Guarantees
State guarantees can be used to support loans for working capital. The amount of State […]
Who is Aided when a Bank is Resolved?
Bank resolution may involve State aid. However, the depositors do not normally benefit from State […]
The Private Creditor Test: All Options Must be Taken into Account
A private investor always takes into account all available information before it makes any investment. […]
Local Infrastructure
Public funding of local infrastructure is not State aid when the responsibility for the infrastructure […]
The Treatment of Advisory and Information Services under State Aid Rules: The Case of the German Milk Levy
Public funding of advisory and information activities may constitute State aid. Public funding of industry […]
Compensatory Payments Can still Confer an Advantage
Membership of a compulsory insurance scheme can still confer an advantage to participating undertakings. Private […]
a) Natural Disasters and b) Absolute Impossibility to Recover Incompatible State Aid
Aid to remedy the damage caused by natural disasters can be granted only if the […]
When Infrastructure is not Public: Dedicated, Project-Specific and Bespoke
Public funding of open and freely used infrastructure is not State aid. Public funding of […]
How to Apply the Market Economy Investor Principle and what Mistakes to Avoid: The Long-running Case of EDF
A market investor carries out a thorough ex ante analysis of the prospects of an […]