Economic Continuity and Recovery of Incompatible State Aid
Incompatible State aid must be recovered from “successor” companies which acquire previously aided companies and […]
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The Perennial Altmark Questions
A SGEI provider does not have to be efficient by industry standards in order to […]
Should State Aid that Is Passed on to Consumers Not be Recovered?
Should the amount of recoverable aid be similarly reduced by the amount that is allegedly […]
A Primer on Compensation for the Extra Costs of Public Service Obligations Taking into Account Efficiency Gains
When Member States impose PSOs they are never allowed to grant even a single euro […]
The State Acting as a Private Creditor & State Aid Enforcement and Procedural Rights
In this article I review Commission decision SA.37100 on JSC Liepajas Metalurgs [LM], once Latvia’s […]
Airport Infrastructure, Public Remit and the MEOT
A public authority, acting as a private investor, may provide finance which is free of […]
New State Aid Regulations
Regulation 2015/1589 is the new procedural regulation. It lays down the rules for, among other […]
The Pricing of Access to an Important Project of Common European Interest
Infrastructure that is commercially exploited [e.g. charging of tolls] is an economic activity. Infrastructure that […]
Compensation for Public Service Obligations and Compensation for Damage
Compensation for public service obligations is compatible with the internal market when, at minimum, a […]
Services of General Economic Interest: How to Compensate and Induce more Efficiency
Even traditional monopolists, like postal operators, have to comply with the rules on compensation for […]