Regulatory Measures Are not State aid & Trade Unions Are not “Interested Party”
Introduction This article reviews two recent judgments dealing with the concept of state resources and […]
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State Resources Include all the Resources that Can be Directed by the State for its own Purposes
Introduction On 12 January 2023, the Court of Justice delivered its judgment in joined cases […]
Special Economic Zones
Member States must check that the State aid claimed by undertakings established in special economic […]
The Date on which State Aid is Deemed to be Granted Is not necessarily the Date on which the Actual Benefit Materialises
State aid is deemed to be granted even if the benefit cannot be quantified in […]
Injection of Capital in a Postal Operator
The resources of a public undertaking necessarily count as “state resources”, regardless of the degree […]
A First Commission Decision on Natural Gas Storage
Compensation that guarantees a normal or fair rate of return eliminates risk that is inherent […]
Intra-State Transfers and the Discretion of Public Authorities
Resources transferred from one public authority to another for the purpose of being used to […]
I. Vouchers for SMEs II. Funding of Aid with Revenue from Levies Imposed on the Aid Beneficiaries
State aid rules apply both to direct and indirect beneficiaries of aid. Introduction This week’s […]
Security of Energy Supply
Guaranteed supply of electricity at fixed prices to a state-owned network operator involves a transfer […]
Compensatory Payments and State Resources
Funds used in compensation mechanisms mandated by the state become state resources Introduction The Court […]