State Aid for R&D
A large amount of State aid can still be compatible with the internal market if […]
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Economic Activities in a System of Social Solidarity
Entities that pursue profit must be classified as undertakings. Introduction On 5 February […]
What Happens when Things Go Wrong
Only EU institutions can provide assurances that aid is granted legally. The amount of State […]
Investment in Airport Infrastructure
Public funding of infrastructure used for non-economic purposes does not constitute State aid. Public investment […]
How a Private Investor Behaves: EDF v Commission
A private investor carries out an assessment of the prospective profitability of a company before […]
The Puzzle of the State Acting as a Regulator
When the state exercises its regulatory tasks, it does not have to demand fees and […]
Danish Horse Racing
Taxes hypothecated to State aid measures fall within the scope of the assessment of the […]
Selectivity Requires Comparison
To determine whether a measure is selective it is necessary to compare the beneficiary companies […]
Structural Disadvantages and Regional Aid
Aid that seeks to neutralise a structural disadvantage still confers an advantage. Aid that seeks […]
PART II: Concessions and State Aid: Does the State Act as a Regulator or Market Operator?
When Member States act as regulators they need not maximise revenue from the granting of […]