Advantage through Contracts
A price below the regulated normal price confers an advantage. Competition is distorted even when […]
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Correct Pricing for the Use of Publicly Funded Infrastructure
Publicly funded infrastructure must be made available to users at prices that correspond to its […]
Private Creditor v Private Investor
A private investor never agrees to an unprofitable transaction while a private creditor may agree […]
What Is and What Is not Export Aid
The prohibition of export aid prevents distortions in the internal market. Therefore, it cannot be […]
State Aid for R&D
A large amount of State aid can still be compatible with the internal market if […]
Economic Activities in a System of Social Solidarity
Entities that pursue profit must be classified as undertakings. Introduction On 5 February […]
What Happens when Things Go Wrong
Only EU institutions can provide assurances that aid is granted legally. The amount of State […]
Investment in Airport Infrastructure
Public funding of infrastructure used for non-economic purposes does not constitute State aid. Public investment […]
How a Private Investor Behaves: EDF v Commission
A private investor carries out an assessment of the prospective profitability of a company before […]
The Puzzle of the State Acting as a Regulator
When the state exercises its regulatory tasks, it does not have to demand fees and […]