State Aid for R&D: What Is Research?
Adapting know-how for the needs of clients is not research. Aid for projects for which […]
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State Aid for R&D: How Intermediaries Pass on Aid to Third Parties
Operators of research infrastructure do not benefit from State aid, if they fully pass on […]
How to Calculate a Transparent Amount of State Aid in Public Guarantees
State aid granted in the form of public guarantees is transparent aid when it is […]
The Scope of Public Service Obligations
Public service obligations may cover both profitable and unprofitable segments of the market. Introduction […]
Financial Cooperatives
National courts may not question Commission decisions but they may ask the Court of Justice […]
Part II: Developments on the Concepts of Advantage and Selectivity
The advantage conferred by State aid is not necessarily equivalent to the economic benefit that […]
Developments on the Concepts of Advantage and Selectivity
The advantage conferred by State aid is not necessarily equivalent to the economic benefit that […]
Public Service Obligations and Award for Damages
Providers of public services must keep separate accounts. The parameters for calculating the compensation for […]
Funding of the Spanish Public Broadcaster and Hypothecation of Taxes
Tax payers have grounds to object to a tax on the basis of Article 107(1) […]
5 most read articles by Phedon Nicolaides in 2016
Questions around selectivity of tax measures, the private creditor test, the new Commission Notice on […]