The Cost of not Recovering Incompatible Aid
The Commission is not obliged to quantify precisely the amount of aid that has to […]
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The Importance of Precise Definition of Public Service Obligations
The imposition of a public service obligation must be preceded by market analysis that shows […]
Market Operator in Electricity Distribution: Long-term Purchasing Agreements Must Balance Risks and Rewards
A market operator accepts to be bound in long-term contracts, which entail more risk because […]
The Perils of Ex Post Compensation of Public Services Obligations
Providers of SGEI must maintain separate accounts. Parameters of compensation must be determined in advance. Ex-post […]
The New Guidelines on State Aid for Environmental Protection and Energy, 2014-2020
The new guidelines are wider in scope: They also cover energy infrastructure, energy capacity and […]
A Textbook Case of False Arguments: T-150/12, Greece v Commission
Recipients of State aid obtain an advantage even if they do not succeed to improve […]
Two Judgments: a) Unlimited State Guarantees and b) The Discretion of the Commission in Restructuring Measures
Unlimited state guarantees are never compatible with the internal market. The existence of an unlimited guarantee […]
The Importance of a Correct Framing of the Private Creditor and Private Investor Tests
A public authority acting as private creditor must exhaust all legally available means of recovering […]
Guidance on the Application of Regulation 1370/2007 on Passenger Transport Services
Public service obligations may only be imposed where the market does not provide adequate services […]
Competitive Elements in the Selection of Operators of Sports Infrastructure May not Be Enough to Eliminate State Aid
The existence of an advantage cannot be excluded when the operator of an infrastructural facility […]