Obligations Imposed by the State Cannot Justify Tax Exemptions
Introduction Over the past decade or so, the European Commission has found that multiple port […]
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Research Organisations, their Primary Objectives and their Shareholders
A research organisation is not required to reinvest any revenue it may generate into its […]
Market Economy Operator Test: Timisoara Airport & Wizz Air
Public funding of activities that fall within the remit of the state does not constitute […]
Non-economic Activities and Services of General Economic Interest
Non-economic tasks and economic activities which are inseparable from those non-economic tasks are together, as […]
Separability of Economic from Non-economic Activities
Activities which are inseparable from the exercise of official powers are non-economic. Introduction Pure […]
There Is No Threshold below which Economic Activities Can Be Considered to be Non-economic
Non-economic activities have to be accounted separately from economic activities. The exercise of public tasks […]
Even the Catholic Church Is not Absolved from State Aid Rules: The Essence of Economic Activity – PART II
Purely religious activities and education funded by the state are not economic in nature. […]
Even the Catholic Church Is not Absolved from State Aid Rules: The Essence of Economic Activity – PART I
Purely religious activities and education funded by the state are not economic in nature. Introduction […]
Non-economic Activities, Absolute Impossibility to Recover Incompatible Aid and the Powers of National Courts
This article reviews three judgments that were all rendered on 15 September 2016. The first […]
Who is Aided when a Bank is Resolved?
Bank resolution may involve State aid. However, the depositors do not normally benefit from State […]