The Pan-European Guarantee Fund: The First State Aid Instrument at EU Level
The Fund managed by the EIB constitutes State aid granted collectively by participating Member States. […]
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Training and State Resources
The definition of quality indicators and the establishment of certificates of quality do not amount […]
The Time Horizon of a Private Investor
A public authority that claims that it invests for the long term, must still prove […]
Attribution to the State does not necessarily Imply Control by the State
Prices fixed by the state do not necessarily confer control to the state over the […]
State Control without State Imputability
A snapshot of Covid-19 State aid Number of Covid-19 approved measures1, 2 [EU27 + UK, […]
Public Funding of Infrastructure without State Aid
The existence of State aid must be checked at the level of both the direct […]
State Control: The Case of EEG 2012
There is crucial difference between control by the state over resources and attribution to the […]