State Aid May be Limited to Undertakings with Close Links with the National Economy (Part I)
State aid may be used to compensate airlines licensed by domestic authorities for losses incurred […]
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Liquidity Assistance to Banks to Counter the Effects of Covid-19
Any direct public support of financial institutions affected by covid-19 has to comply with both […]
The State Acting as a Regulator
When the state acts as a regulator, it does not have to charge a licence […]
Helsinki Busses, Loans, Article 93 and Indemnification
Bus transportation provided by public authorities constitutes economic activity. Loans given by a public authority […]
Training and State Resources
The definition of quality indicators and the establishment of certificates of quality do not amount […]
Funding of Public Hospitals
Public healthcare provided in accordance with the principle of social solidarity is not economic in […]
A First Evaluation of Covid-19 State Aid
There is a significant variation across Member States in terms of the number of aid […]
One Agreement, Two Parallel Systems: Subsidies in the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and the UK
The agreement on subsidies allows the UK to deviate from EU State aid rules. Introduction […]
The Time Horizon of a Private Investor
A public authority that claims that it invests for the long term, must still prove […]
Attribution to the State does not necessarily Imply Control by the State
Prices fixed by the state do not necessarily confer control to the state over the […]