Public Service Obligations and Award for Damages
Providers of public services must keep separate accounts. The parameters for calculating the compensation for […]
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Funding of the Spanish Public Broadcaster and Hypothecation of Taxes
Tax payers have grounds to object to a tax on the basis of Article 107(1) […]
5 most read articles by Phedon Nicolaides in 2016
Questions around selectivity of tax measures, the private creditor test, the new Commission Notice on […]
Existing v New Aid and Role of National Courts
Modification of an existing aid measure turns it into a new aid measure if it […]
Hungarian Advertisement Tax, Polish Retail Tax and Estonia Package Tax
Progressive taxes can constitute State aid. Exemption from a packaging tax of packaged goods which […]
Pensions, Public Statements and Private Investors
The normal costs of an undertaking include all the costs of compliance with the obligations […]
Media Plurality in Denmark
State aid measures need not be open to all undertakings. Introduction On 11 October […]
No Affectation of Trade
Public subsidies that do not affect cross-border trade either directly or indirectly do not constitute […]
Private Investor v Private Creditor
When the state, acting as a private investor, seeks to recover past public investments, it […]
1) Selectivity of Health Tests 2) Existing v New Aid in Preferential Electricity Tariffs
A measure can be selective even if it applies to a whole sector. An existing […]