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6. August 2024 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

The Existence of State Aid Must Be Proven on the Basis of Credible Evidence

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Introduction This article reviews two cases in which courts found that it had not been proven that all of the criteria of Article 107(1) TFEU had been satisfied. Case I: Not being able to prove that the measure is attributed to a decision of the state With decision 2024/2033, published in OJ L, 29 July 2024, the Commission corrected its […]

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19. September 2023 | von Phedon Nicolaides

When Are Decisions of State-owned Companies Imputed to the State?

Introduction According to Article 4 of Regulation 2015/1589 [the Procedural Regulation], when the Commission, after a preliminary examination of a State aid measure, has doubts as to the absence of State aid or the compatibility of the aid with the internal market, it must open the formal examination procedure. The case law says that doubts arise when the Commission encounters […]

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9. März 2021 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Can the Decision of a Private Entity be Imputed to the State?

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A measure is imputable to the state whenever the state is involved in its adoption or shapes the decision that leads to its adoption. Introduction One of the trickiest aspects of determining whether a financial transaction involves State aid is its attribution or imputation to a decision of the state, especially when the entity providing the funding is private. Private […]

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