The Importance of a Correct Framing of the Private Creditor and Private Investor Tests
A public authority acting as private creditor must exhaust all legally available means of recovering […]
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Guidance on the Application of Regulation 1370/2007 on Passenger Transport Services
Public service obligations may only be imposed where the market does not provide adequate services […]
Competitive Elements in the Selection of Operators of Sports Infrastructure May not Be Enough to Eliminate State Aid
The existence of an advantage cannot be excluded when the operator of an infrastructural facility […]
Public Funding of Projects that Encounter Financial Problems
Aid that is granted after the start of a project lacks incentive effect and is, […]
SMEs Linked through Natural Persons
Two or more enterprises may constitute a single undertaking when their owners and/or managers are […]
The New Guidelines on State Aid to Airports and Airlines: Problematic Issues (part 2)
Introduction Last week I reviewed the main provisions of the new Guidelines on State Aid […]
The New Guidelines on State Aid to Airports and Airlines (part 1)
Introduction[1] One more set of State aid rules for 2014-20 has been adopted. On Thursday, […]
The Role of National Courts in Recovery of Incompatible State Aid
Introduction In December I examined the judgment in the case of Lufthansa v Frankfurt-Hahn, which […]
An Assessment of the State Aid Consistency of Financial Instruments Supported by Structural and Investment Funds (Regulation 1303/2013)
Introduction Last week I reviewed the new State aid guidelines on risk finance. This week […]
Guidelines on State Aid to Promote Risk Finance Investments
Introduction On 15 January the Commission adopted the fourth set of guidelines for the […]