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29. Juli 2025 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

How to Measure the Damage Caused by an Exceptional Occurrence

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On 25 June 2025, the General Court, in case T‑366/22, Ryanair v Commission, dismissed the action brought by Ryanair seeking the annulment of Commission decision SA.56867.[1] That decision authorised compensation under Article 107(2)(b) TFEU for damage suffered by the German airline Condor as a result of the covid-19 pandemic. However, Condor had been in financial trouble long before the outbreak of the […]

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14. Mai 2024 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Restructuring State Aid

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Introduction State aid to failing undertakings is the most distortionary form of public subsidies. They prevent the market exit of inefficient companies. For this reason, State aid for rescue or restructuring of undertakings in difficulty must always be notified to the Commission which examines each case very carefully and allows this kind of aid only when, among other things, the […]

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24. Mai 2022 | State Aid Uncovered von Phedon Nicolaides

Another Case of Rescue Aid to an Airline

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An undertaking does not have to be nationally “important” in order to qualify for rescue aid. Introduction The pandemic has been hard on airlines. For some of them, however, the pandemic simply exacerbated their already existing problems. On 18 May 2022, in case T‑577/20, Ryanair v European Commission, the General Court had to examine the case of State aid to […]

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